
<table style="text-align:center"><caption><strong>Table X4. Additional results: controlling for the (respectively) other type of violence.</strong></caption>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td colspan="2">Civil violence (group)</td><td>Communal violence</td><td>Communal violence</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>Maj. (model A12)</td><td>Min. (model A13)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A14)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A15)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left">Territorial autonomy</td><td>-0.851</td><td>-1.008<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.906</td><td>0.205</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.531)</td><td>(0.483)</td><td>(0.600)</td><td>(0.678)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Territorial autonomy x included/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1.478<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.614)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Included</td><td>-1.191<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.581</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.286)</td><td>(0.406)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Included/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.195</td><td>-0.721</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.396)</td><td>(0.456)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Excluded/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.231</td><td>0.177</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.471)</td><td>(0.453)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state)</td><td>0.162</td><td>2.211</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.868)</td><td>(1.394)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state, mean)</td><td></td><td></td><td>1.398</td><td>1.345</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(1.763)</td><td>(1.794)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state, diff.)</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.424</td><td>-0.531</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.864)</td><td>(0.907)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit)</td><td>0.358</td><td>2.678<sup>***</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.578)</td><td>(0.681)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit, mean)</td><td></td><td></td><td>2.664<sup>*</sup></td><td>2.580<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(1.155)</td><td>(1.178)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit, diff.)</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.994<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.943<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.430)</td><td>(0.443)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Asymmetry</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.478</td><td>0.500</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.310)</td><td>(0.312)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Population (unit, logged)</td><td>0.366<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.234<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.286<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.298<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.104)</td><td>(0.082)</td><td>(0.130)</td><td>(0.128)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Area (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.017</td><td>-0.006</td><td>0.397<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.376<sup>**</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.100)</td><td>(0.126)</td><td>(0.144)</td><td>(0.145)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Avg. ruggedness (unit)</td><td>0.001</td><td>0.001</td><td>-0.001</td><td>-0.001</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Oil in unit</td><td>0.650</td><td>0.950<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.122</td><td>0.126</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.475)</td><td>(0.270)</td><td>(0.673)</td><td>(0.659)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Distance capital (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.038</td><td>0.227</td><td>-0.209</td><td>-0.211</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.140)</td><td>(0.155)</td><td>(0.165)</td><td>(0.167)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Distance border (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.176<sup>†</sup></td><td>-0.035</td><td>-0.179<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.180<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.105)</td><td>(0.124)</td><td>(0.074)</td><td>(0.073)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">GDP pc. (logged)</td><td>-0.210</td><td>-0.490<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.296<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.290<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.156)</td><td>(0.125)</td><td>(0.124)</td><td>(0.126)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Population (state, logged)</td><td>-0.021</td><td>-0.331<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.077</td><td>-0.062</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.135)</td><td>(0.118)</td><td>(0.156)</td><td>(0.157)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Democracy</td><td>0.234</td><td>-1.294<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.606</td><td>-0.637</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.493)</td><td>(0.445)</td><td>(0.470)</td><td>(0.488)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Ethnic fractionalization</td><td>-0.155</td><td>-0.502</td><td>1.744</td><td>1.740</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.897)</td><td>(1.211)</td><td>(1.176)</td><td>(1.190)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Election year</td><td>-0.465</td><td>0.285</td><td>0.226</td><td>0.226</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.284)</td><td>(0.330)</td><td>(0.195)</td><td>(0.193)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years</td><td>-0.549<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.695<sup>***</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.117)</td><td>(0.129)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years 2</td><td>0.034<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.045<sup>***</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.011)</td><td>(0.012)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years 3</td><td>-0.001<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.001<sup>**</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.0003)</td><td>(0.0003)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence spatial lag</td><td>1.333<sup>**</sup></td><td>1.588<sup>***</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.423)</td><td>(0.473)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Recent communal violence event</td><td>0.197</td><td>0.977<sup>**</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.368)</td><td>(0.340)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.281<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.285<sup>**</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.097)</td><td>(0.100)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years 2</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.021<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.021<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.011)</td><td>(0.011)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years 3</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.001<sup>†</sup></td><td>-0.001<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0003)</td><td>(0.0003)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence spatial lag</td><td></td><td></td><td>1.106<sup>**</sup></td><td>1.092<sup>**</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.411)</td><td>(0.418)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Recent civil violence event</td><td></td><td></td><td>1.483<sup>***</sup></td><td>1.449<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.376)</td><td>(0.384)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Constant</td><td>0.219</td><td>-0.089</td><td>-6.950<sup>***</sup></td><td>-6.507<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(1.968)</td><td>(1.188)</td><td>(1.858)</td><td>(1.918)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">N</td><td>26,082</td><td>152,377</td><td>203,208</td><td>203,208</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Log Likelihood</td><td>-1,142.246</td><td>-1,560.884</td><td>-1,612.550</td><td>-1,606.273</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">AIC</td><td>2,326.493</td><td>3,163.769</td><td>3,275.101</td><td>3,264.545</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">† p<0.1; * p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001; country-clustered SE’s in parentheses; maj. = second-order majority; min. = second-order minority.</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">The dependent variable is a binary variable equal to one if there is at least one instance of civil/communal violence involving a group/dyad in a given unit.</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">Region- and year-fixed effects included but not reported.</td></tr>
</table>
